Which sequence is included in a proper incident investigation after a near miss?

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A proper near-miss investigation uses a systematic, non-punitive approach to understand what happened and how to prevent recurrence. The best sequence starts with collecting data and gathering the facts, then interviewing witnesses to capture firsthand accounts, followed by reviewing existing procedures to identify gaps or deviations, determining the root cause through analysis rather than assigning blame, implementing corrective actions to address the underlying issues, and finally documenting the findings and actions taken so others can learn and the process remains traceable. This approach ensures that the investigation is thorough, evidence-based, and focused on preventing future incidents rather than punishing people. Blaming individuals, ignoring procedures, or skipping documentation would undermine the purpose by promoting a blame culture, missing systemic factors, and failing to capture lessons learned for future safety improvements.